# Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec

> From Bielsko-Biała via Żywiec, Pilsko and Babia Góra, the Orava region and Zakopane (just briefly) to Lake Czorsztyn, by raft through the Dunajec Gorge and…

Source: https://camping-spirit.com/guides/rf-640-beskids-pieniny-dunajec/

**At a glance:** 7-day road trip of about 229 km (143 mi) with 13 stops, from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz. About 3 h 10 min of driving in total. Best time to go: June–August. Tolls and vignettes for a car: about €4 (Poland). From Bielsko-Biała via Żywiec, Pilsko and Babia Góra, the Orava region and Zakopane (just briefly) to Lake Czorsztyn, by raft through the Dunajec Gorge and on via Łącko to Nowy Sącz: around 390 kilometres, good for hikers and for drivers with time to spare.

| | |
|---|---|
| Distance | approx. 229 km (143 mi) |
| Driving | 3 h 10 min |
| Suggested days | 7 |
| Stops | 13 |
| Route | Bielsko-Biała → Nowy Sącz |
| Countries | Poland |
| Best time to go | June–August |
| Tolls and vignettes | ≈ €4 |
| Updated | October 1, 2026 |

[Download GPX file](https://camping-spirit.com/gpx/rf-640-beskids-pieniny-dunajec.gpx)

Practical guides for this route: [Central-East Europe by motorhome: tolls, wild camping and what to check in October](https://camping-spirit.com/magazine/eu-central-europe-east-by-motorhome/), [Alpine passes in a motorhome: gradients, closures and tunnels](https://camping-spirit.com/magazine/eu-alpine-passes-camper/)

*From Bielsko-Biała via Żywiec, Pilsko and Babia Góra, the Orava region and Zakopane (just briefly) to Lake Czorsztyn, by raft through the Dunajec Gorge and on via Łącko to Nowy Sącz: around 390 kilometres, good for hikers and for drivers with time to spare.*

## The spirit of the route

This is where southern Poland begins, not with a bang but with hills: in the Beskids, wooded ridges stack up one behind the other, mist hangs over the pastures, and on the heights above Korbielów and Zawoja the summit view belongs to those who set off early. The timber houses of the Górals have steep roofs, sheep and cows stand by the roadside, and in the Orava region the air smells of smoke and bread. Further south, Lake Czorsztyn opens up with its two castles, and on the Dunajec raftsmen push their wooden boats with long poles through the limestone gorge of the Pieniny. From your sliding door you will see spruce forest, rocky crowns and meadows full of bellflowers. The route is entertaining but not trivial: villages stretch on and on, weekends mean traffic jams, and campsites are smaller than you might think. In return, the morning is yours.

## Stage-by-stage plan

### Stage 1: Bielsko-Biała to Żywiec (via Szczyrk) (approx. 55 km)

- **The drive:** From Bielsko-Biała take the DW942 south into the Silesian Beskids as far as Szczyrk: wide, flowing, with the Skrzyczne as a backdrop. The detour is a dead-end trip; you return to the foothills and take the DK69 to Żywiec. Pure driving time is around 1.5 hours, noticeably longer in winter and at weekends with ski traffic.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Old town of Bielsko-Biała with the Sułkowski Castle and the Gründerzeit façades – the town goes by the nickname “Little Vienna”.
  - Szczyrk: cable car up the Skrzyczne (a good 1,250 m), with a panorama across the Beskids as far as the Tatras on clear days.
  - Żywiec: castle park with the Old and New Castles of the Habsburgs and the museum of the Żywiec Brewery.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** In Bielsko-Biała, Camping 99 Beskid is on the edge of town; in Szczyrk there is the Camper Park Zwalisko. In Żywiec you will find Camping Cest La Vie a few kilometres north of the centre. Check opening times, electricity and pitch length in advance – the sites are mostly small and geared more towards tents and short motorhomes.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** In Poland, sleeping in your vehicle in a car park where parking is allowed is not generally prohibited; awning, chairs and levelling supports, however, count as camping. In Szczyrk and Żywiec the car parks are managed and partly signposted, and at hiking car parks such as the access to the Skrzyczne overnight stays are generally not welcome, so watch for the signs. Landscape parks such as the Żywiecki Park Krajobrazowy have their own rules of conduct.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Fill up and shop in Bielsko-Biała before the mountain drive; the choice of supermarkets is largest there. In Żywiec it is best to park on the edge of the old town – the centre is narrow. For the brewery museum and tour, check opening times and tickets in advance; groups are out and about in the season. The DW942 over the Salmopol Pass (around 930 m) would continue to Wisła, but that is not part of this route.

### Stage 2: Żywiec to Korbielów (Pilsko) (approx. 30 km)

- **The drive:** From Żywiec take the DW945 via Jeleśnia into the valley below Pilsko. Country roads with many village centres to pass through, excursion traffic at weekends, and the last kilometres to Korbielów are winding and often narrow. A good half hour of driving time; your sat nav should be set to “motorhome”, because side roads may have weight limits.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Lake Żywiec (Jezioro Żywieckie) north of Żywiec: the dam at Tresna and lakeside roads – a detour in the opposite direction, not on the way to Korbielów, often mirror-smooth in the morning.
  - Pilsko (1,557 m) from Korbielów via the Hala Miziowa: the second-highest peak of the Polish Beskids; for the ascent with a stop at the mountain hut, plan half a day.
  - Timber houses and pasture land of the Góral villages around Korbielów, especially in spring when the crocuses bloom.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** We know of no designated campsite or motorhome pitch in Korbielów; the maps show mainly tent bases run by hiking clubs here. Some guesthouses and agritourism farms take motorhomes: ask in advance (by phone or message) and have them confirm size and access. If you want to play it safe, stay overnight in Żywiec and drive up only during the day.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** Pilsko lies on the edge of the landscape park and borders Slovakia; overnight stays are not welcome at hiking car parks, and some charge fees. In the forests managed by the State Forests, driving off public roads is prohibited; the “Zanocuj w lesie” programme applies only to tents or hammocks, not to vehicles.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Buy food and water before the ascent – up top there is only the hut. Start early; in summer thunderstorms build up in the afternoon. Ticks are active in the Beskids, so check yourself in the evening. After thunderstorms and in winter the roads are not cleared everywhere; after snow, check tyres and chains.

### Stage 3: Korbielów to Zawoja (Babia Góra) (approx. 90 km)

- **The drive:** From Korbielów go back towards Żywiec, there take the DW946 via Stryszawa to Sucha Beskidzka and on along the DW957 through the long valley to Zawoja; there is no direct cross-link over the ridge. Country roads, winding in the upper section, with many local residents and pedestrians at the roadside. Around 2 hours of pure driving time; the stage is meant as a travel day, with room for a short walk in the afternoon.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Zawoja: at a good 15 kilometres, one of the longest villages in Poland and the starting point for Babia Góra.
  - Babia Góra (Diablak, 1,725 m): the highest peak of the Western Beskids; the classic route leads via Markowe Szczawiny, with a mountain hut and nature trail.
  - Visitor information and exhibition of the Babia Góra National Park in Zawoja (on weather, wildlife and trails; check opening times in advance).
- **Official campsite or RV park:** For Zawoja we have no documented motorhome pitch, and there are no campsites at the national park. A few guesthouses and agritourism farms take motorhomes: ask in advance and have them confirm access, size and electricity. The fallback is to come up from a site in the valley (for example in Żywiec).
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** In the Babia Góra National Park, camping and overnight stays outside designated places are prohibited, as is bivouacking on the summit. Hiking car parks at Markowe Szczawiny and at the Krowiarki pass are meant for day visitors; overnight stays are not welcome. A park entry ticket is also required (online purchase or at the ticket office, online only outside the main season); check prices and purchase on the park’s website.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Buy the park ticket online in advance; the car parks at the trailhead fill up early on summer weekends. The weather changes quickly on the Diablak – start before 8 a.m. and turn back in fog. Sturdy shoes are enough for the path to the hut; up top there is often snow until May.

### Stage 4: Zawoja to Zakopane (via Orava and Podhale) (approx. 80 km)

- **The drive:** From Zawoja over the Krowiarki pass (a good 1,000 m, DW957) and Zubrzyca Górna to Jabłonka in the Orava region, then via Czarny Dunajec to Nowy Targ and on along the DK47 towards the Tatras as far as Zakopane; Chochołów is a short detour near Czarny Dunajec. Winding on the descent from the pass, wide roads with sluggish traffic in the Podhale; on Fridays and Sundays the Zakopianka is jammed. A good 2 hours of pure driving time, half a day with stops.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Orava Open-Air Museum in Zubrzyca Górna: farmsteads, mill, school and church from the Orava area; you can see the interiors only on a guided tour.
  - Chochołów: the village of continuous rows of timber houses from the 19th century and a memorial to the uprising of 1846 – a walk along the road is enough.
  - Zakopane, just briefly: the Krupówki promenade, the funicular up the Gubałówka hill and the Wielka Krokiew ski jump.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** Camping Pod Krokwią below the Wielka Krokiew with electricity, service point and sanitary facilities within walking distance of the centre; Camper Park Olimp is an alternative. Both sites fill up early in summer and on public holidays; book in advance. For Zakopane there is more in the CampingSpirit travel guide “Salt, granite and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome from Kraków across the High Tatras to Spiš Castle”.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** In Zakopane there are parking zones, many prohibition signs and checks – wild camping is not a good idea here, not even in the car park beneath the ski jump. At the pass car parks at Krowiarki, on the edge of the national park, overnight stays are not welcome.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Plan Zakopane as a half day and arrive in good time; Krupówki is overcrowded in the evening. The centre is heavily traffic-calmed; leave the motorhome at the campsite and take the local bus or a taxi. The car park at the funicular can be too tight for motorhomes; at weekends it is better to go by bus. Nowy Targ traditionally has a market on Thursdays, when the town centre is full.

### Stage 5: Zakopane to Sromowce Niżne (Lake Czorsztyn) (approx. 60 km)

- **The drive:** From Zakopane take the DK47 to Nowy Targ, then east via Dębno to Frydman and along Lake Czorsztyn to Niedzica and down to Sromowce Niżne. Mostly well-built roads, many villages in the Podhale; the bends by the lake are harmless. Around 1.5 hours without stops.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Wooden Church of St Michael in Dębno: one of the Gothic wooden churches of southern Lesser Poland on the UNESCO World Heritage list, fully painted inside.
  - Niedzica Castle and, opposite, the ruins of Czorsztyn Castle – from the dam both are in view, and in season an excursion boat shuttles across the lake.
  - Lake Czorsztyn and the Sromowce reservoir with cycle paths around the dam and evening light on the Pieniny.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** Camping Polana Sosny near Niedzica; in Sromowce Niżne there are Camping Laskowscy and the field “Przy OSP” close to the Dunajec. Electricity, sanitary facilities and water are available depending on the site; ask about service points beforehand. On public holidays and in high summer the sites fill up quickly.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** The Dunajec valley belongs to the Pieniny National Park (PPN), where camping outside designated sites is prohibited. At the reservoir there are managed lakeside car parks, and overnight stays are not welcome. The municipalities carry out checks in summer.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Book the site in Sromowce Niżne for the evening before the raft trip, so you can start early. The church in Dębno is usually open only on a guided tour or at set times – check the times beforehand. Niedzica Castle is a short walk from the dam car park; it is better to park motorhomes there than at the castle itself.

### Stage 6: Sromowce Niżne to Szczawnica / Krościenko nad Dunajcem (approx. 25 km)

- **The drive:** A short stage: the raft trip starts in Sromowce-Kąty and leads through the Pieniny gorge to Szczawnica; you yourself drive the motorhome only around 25 kilometres down the valley to Krościenko and Szczawnica. The road follows the Dunajec, is narrow and in town is shaped by cyclists and pedestrians.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Dunajec raft trip from Sromowce-Kąty to Szczawnica: around 2 to 3 hours depending on the water level, in season from about April to October and in good weather (rafts do not run at Easter and Corpus Christi); the raftsmen in Góral costume steer the wooden boats with long poles through the limestone gorge.
  - Szczawnica: spa town with Swiss-style timber villas, a pump room and the gondola lift up the Palenica (722 m).
  - Pieniny hikes from Krościenko up Sokolica and Trzy Korony (982 m) – with a view of the raft boats in the gorge.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** Camper Stop Pieniny in Krościenko nad Dunajcem, a small pitch area with around ten places; according to online portals there is neither electricity nor service point there, so please check the season in advance. In Krościenko there is also the tent site Cypel, which according to its map entry also has places for caravans. In Szczawnica itself pitches are scarce – ask at guesthouses with a meadow.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** The Pieniny National Park prohibits camping outside sites; an entry ticket for the park is required for the trails up Sokolica and Trzy Korony (check current purchase options and prices on the park’s website). On municipal car parks in Szczawnica motorhomes are not welcome overnight, and fees apply during the day.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Raft trip: park at the car park by the landing stage in Sromowce-Kąty and sort out the return journey when buying your ticket (bus, taxi or by bike along the cycle path by the Dunajec). In high water, trips are cancelled. Plan Trzy Korony only in dry weather; the ascent is rocky and slippery in spring.

### Stage 7: Szczawnica to Nowy Sącz (via Łącko and Stary Sącz) (approx. 50 km)

- **The drive:** From Krościenko take the country road via Łącko, past orchards and hills of the Sądecki region, to Stary Sącz and on to Nowy Sącz. Well-built road, with village centres and junctions along the valley; in the apple season in autumn there is tractor traffic. About 1.25 hours of driving time.
- **Highlights & must-sees:**
  - Łącko: orchards and plum brandy “Łącka śliwowica” (protected geographical indication), and in spring the blossom.
  - Stary Sącz: market square and Poor Clares convent from the 13th century, founded by St Kinga.
  - Nowy Sącz: Sądecki Ethnographic Park (open-air museum) with the “Galician Town” and the old town around the Rynek.
- **Official campsite or RV park:** Camping Nr 87 in Nowy Sącz, located within the city. Check facilities, opening times and end of season in advance; space is limited.
- **Free camping or nature tip (where legal):** Cities such as Nowy Sącz have managed parking areas, and overnight stays in a motorhome are not provided for there. On car parks in fruit-growing areas motorhomes are rarely tolerated; better to use the sites and ask at orchard farms.
- **Insider tip for campers:** Try fruit and juices directly at the farms in Łącko; card payment is not available everywhere, so carry cash. The skansen in Nowy Sącz is big – plan 2 to 3 hours and a car park nearby. If you want to continue further east, you will find the Bieszczady in the CampingSpirit travel guide “Wooden churches, mountain pastures and arcades – by motorhome through south-eastern Poland from Rzeszów to Lublin”; Kraków is at the start of the guide “Limestone cliffs, castle ruins and a sand desert – by motorhome along the Eagles’ Nests Trail in the Polish Jura”.

## Camping practice & local rules

### Wild camping & overnight parking

- Poland: there is no explicit nationwide ban on sleeping in your vehicle in a legal car park; however, camping with an awning, table and levelling supports outside sites is prohibited. Municipalities can impose further bans by means of signs. In national parks (Babia Góra National Park, Pieniny National Park) camping and overnight stays outside designated places are prohibited. In the State Forests driving off public roads is prohibited; the “Zanocuj w lesie” programme applies only to tents or hammocks, not to vehicles.
- Wild camping makes little sense here because of national parks, landscape parks and hiking car parks with fees. Guesthouses and agritourism farms often offer meadow pitches with electricity; ask in advance and have it confirmed by message. park4night, Campercontact and the websites of the tourism associations provide guidance.
- Wildlife: wolves, lynx and the occasional brown bear live in the forests of the Beskids, including in the Babia Góra National Park; encounters are rare. Keep food scraps in closed containers and do not leave rubbish outside.

### Waste disposal & supplies

- Fresh water and waste disposal are available at campsites; public disposal stations are rare in Poland. Empty grey water and the cassette only at stations, never into streams, roadside ditches or drains – in the Pieniny area dirt quickly ends up in the Dunajec.
- Tap water is generally drinkable in the larger towns; at fountains and springs, look out for signs. At hiking car parks there are usually only dry toilets.
- Gas: German exchange cylinders are not swapped in Poland, and the connections of the national cylinders do not fit. Autogas (LPG) is available at a great many filling stations; for refillable cylinders take an adapter set and check the connection on site.

### Vehicle size & traffic rules

- Tolls: vehicles up to 3.5 t pay tolls in Poland only on sections of the A1 (Gdańsk–Toruń), A2 (Świecko–Konin) and A4 (Katowice–Kraków) motorways; on the country roads and expressways of this route nothing is charged for them, only on the journey there via the A4 near Katowice. For vehicles over 3.5 t, including heavy motorhomes, the electronic e-TOLL system applies on toll roads: register before entering the country and pay by app or device. For towing vehicles up to 3.5 t with a trailer or caravan, e-TOLL is due to be dropped following a change in the law in 2026, with only the weight of the towing vehicle counting; check the current status with the operator beforehand.
- Speed limits: 50 km/h in built-up areas (around the clock), 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 100 or 120 km/h on expressways (120 on dual carriageways), 140 km/h on motorways for vehicles up to 3.5 t. Motorhomes over 3.5 t and combinations drive at 80 km/h on motorways and expressways and 70 km/h on other roads outside built-up areas. Dipped headlights or daytime running lights are compulsory all year round, even during the day; the alcohol limit is 0.2 per mille; using a mobile phone at the wheel is allowed only with a hands-free system.
- Low-emission zones and parking: Zakopane and Nowy Sącz have managed parking zones, payable by machine or app. On this route there is no low-emission zone requiring a sticker for motorhomes; there is one in Kraków (Strefa Czystego Transportu), which is not on the route. Observe weight and height restrictions on bridges and side roads.
- Winter: Poland has no general winter tyre requirement, but tyres must suit the road conditions; snow chains are permitted on snow and ice (studded tyres are prohibited). In the Beskids and on the Dunajec it can turn icy from October, so carry chains. Equipment: warning vest, warning triangle (two with a trailer) and first-aid kit; a fire extinguisher is usually not compulsory for foreign vehicles but is recommended. Motorhomes may be up to 12 m long, combinations up to 18.75 m, with a maximum width of 2.55 m. Carry your ID card; the country is in the Schengen area.

## CampingSpirit packing & preparation checklist

- Hiking boots with a grippy sole and a rain jacket: Pilsko, Babia Góra and Trzy Korony are rocky, and on the heights the weather changes quickly.
- Tick and mosquito repellent plus a tick remover: the Beskids and the Dunajec floodplains are tick country, so check your body in the evening.
- Złoty cash in small notes for the raft trip, car parks, national park tickets and farm shops – cards are not accepted everywhere.
- Levelling ramps for the often sloping meadow pitches at guesthouses and agritourism farms in Zawoja, Korbielów and Sromowce.
- LPG adapter set for refillable cylinders: Polish autogas stations are often the most practical gas source on this route.
- Bicycles with a lock for the cycle paths along the Dunajec and Lake Czorsztyn: with them you can do the return from Szczawnica to Sromowce without a bus.

_As of 2026-10. Closures, fees and booking rules change: check official sources before you go._

## Sources

- [ADAC – Mit dem Fahrzeug in Polen: Tempolimits](https://www.adac.de/reise-freizeit/reiseplanung/reiseziele/polen/uebersicht/tempolimits)
- [ADAC – Mit dem Fahrzeug in Polen (Winterreifen, Ausrüstung, Wohnmobil, Übernachten)](https://www.adac.de/reise-freizeit/reiseplanung/reiseziele/polen/uebersicht/mit-dem-auto)
- [Autopay – Road tolls in Poland](https://mobility.autopay.eu/en/knowledge/drivers-guide/road-tolls-poland/)
- [OpenVan.camp – Koniec opłat e-TOLL dla pojazdów do 3,5 t z przyczepą](https://openvan.camp/en/news/law/koniec-oplat-etoll-dla-pojazdow-35-t-z-przyczepa)
- [OpenVan.camp – Kamper czy ciężarówka dla e-TOLL: bez różnicy](https://openvan.camp/en/news/law/kamper-czy-ciezarowka-dla-etoll-bez-roznicy)
- [conadrogach.pl – Droga wojewódzka nr 946 (Żywiec–Sucha Beskidzka; Hinweis auf DW945 nach Korbielów)](https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/droga-wojewodzka-nr-946.html)
- [Wikipedia – Zubrzyca Górna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubrzyca_G%C3%B3rna)
- [Climbfinder – Przełęcz Krowiarki (Zawoja)](https://climbfinder.com/us/climbs/przelecz-krowiarki-zawoja)
- [Campercontact – Camper Stop Pieniny, Krościenko nad Dunajcem](https://www.campercontact.com/en/poland/lesser-poland-voivodeship/kroscienko-nad-dunajcem/195249/camper-stop-pieniny.md)
- [Radio Kraków – Turyści odwiedzają Babią Górę przez cały rok (Ticketverkauf Babiogórski Park Narodowy)](https://www.radiokrakow.pl/aktualnosci/malopolskazachodnia/turysci-odwiedzaja-babia-gore-przez-caly-rok-i-przez-cala-dobe)
- [Radio Kraków – Spływ przełomem Dunajca (Saison, Dauer)](https://www.radiokrakow.pl/audycje/splyw-przelomem-dunajca-143167/)
- [Wikipedia – Babia Góra National Park (Fauna)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babia_G%C3%B3ra_National_Park)

## Which stops are on the route from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz?

1. **Bielsko-Biała** (Poland)
2. **Szczyrk** (Poland)
3. **Żywiec** (Poland)
4. **Korbielów** (Poland)
5. **Zawoja** (Poland)
6. **Zubrzyca Górna** (Poland)
7. **Zakopane** (Poland)
8. **Niedzica** (Poland)
9. **Sromowce Niżne** (Poland)
10. **Szczawnica** (Poland)
11. **Krościenko nad Dunajcem** (Poland)
12. **Łącko** (Poland)
13. **Nowy Sącz** (Poland)

## When is the best time for the route from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz?

The most pleasant months are usually June–August. Still fine, with some compromises, in May and September. Cold, short days in November–March. July and August are the busiest months: book campsites early. (Estimate from long-term temperature averages, terrain and pass seasons)

## What should you know before driving the route from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz?

Tolls and vignettes for a car: about €4 (Poland).

- **Poland: Tolls on some roads, bridges or tunnels.** Some motorway sections are tolled; pay with the e-TOLL app. Motorway limit for cars: 140 km/h.

## FAQs

**How long is Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec?**
7-day road trip of about 229 km (143 mi) with 13 stops, from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz. About 3 h 10 min of driving in total.

**How many days do you need for Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec?**
We suggest 7 days: about 3 h 10 min of driving, which leaves time for the stops.

**Where does Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec start and end?**
It starts in Bielsko-Biała and ends in Nowy Sącz.

**Which countries does Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec pass through?**
Poland.

**Where can you camp along Mountain pastures, wooden churches and raftsmen’s poles – by motorhome through the Western Beskids and the Pieniny to the Dunajec?**
OpenStreetMap lists 65 campsites and motorhome stopovers within 20 km of the stops on this route. For example: Pod Krokwią, Camp Gorący Potok and Kemp ORAVICE.

**How much are the tolls on the route from Bielsko-Biała to Nowy Sącz?**
Tolls and vignettes for a car: about €4 (Poland). Estimate with typical rates; motorhomes pay more, and vehicles over 3.5 t often pay by distance.